位置:首页 > 高级语言 > C++在线教程 > C++ if...else语句

C++ if...else语句

if语句可以跟一个可选的else语句,该语句布尔表达式为假时执行。

语法

C++中if ... else语句的语法是:

if(boolean_expression)
{
   // statement(s) will execute if the boolean expression is true
}
else
{
  // statement(s) will execute if the boolean expression is false
}

if布尔表达式的值为true,那么if代码块将被执行,否则else块将执行。

流程图:

C++ if...else statement

例如:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
int main ()
{
   // local variable declaration:
   int a = 100;
 
   // check the boolean condition
   if( a < 20 )
   {
       // if condition is true then print the following
       cout << "a is less than 20;" << endl;
   }
   else
   {
       // if condition is false then print the following
       cout << "a is not less than 20;" << endl;
   }
   cout << "value of a is : " << a << endl;
 
   return 0;
}

当上述代码被编译和执行时,它产生了以下结果:

a is not less than 20;
value of a is : 100

if...else if...else 语句:

if语句可以跟着一个可选的else if ... else语句,使用单个 if...else ,if语句是非常有用的,以测试各种条件。

使用if , else if , else语句有几点要牢记。

  • 一个if可以有零或一个else,它必须跟从任何else if。

  • 一个if可以有零到多个else if,并且它们必须在else之前。

  • 一旦一个else if条件成功,其他剩余else if不在计算,else将被测试。

语法

if...else if...else语句在C++ 语法是:

if(boolean_expression 1)
{
   // Executes when the boolean expression 1 is true
}
else if( boolean_expression 2)
{
   // Executes when the boolean expression 2 is true
}
else if( boolean_expression 3)
{
   // Executes when the boolean expression 3 is true
}
else 
{
   // executes when the none of the above condition is true.
}

例子:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
int main ()
{
   // local variable declaration:
   int a = 100;
 
   // check the boolean condition
   if( a == 10 )
   {
       // if condition is true then print the following
       cout << "Value of a is 10" << endl;
   }
   else if( a == 20 )
   {
       // if else if condition is true
       cout << "Value of a is 20" << endl;
   }
   else if( a == 30 )
   {
       // if else if condition is true 
       cout << "Value of a is 30" << endl;
   }
   else
   {
       // if none of the conditions is true
       cout << "Value of a is not matching" << endl;
   }
   cout << "Exact value of a is : " << a << endl;
 
   return 0;
}

让我们编译和运行上面的程序,这将产生以下结果:

Value of a is not matching
Exact value of a is : 100