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MySQL NULL值

我们已经看到SQL SELECT命令和WHERE子句一起使用,来从MySQL表中提取数据,但是,当我们试图给出一个条件,比较字段或列值设置为NULL,它确不能正常工作。

为了处理这种情况,MySQL提供了三大运算符

  • IS NULL: 如果列的值为NULL,运算结果返回 true

  • IS NOT NULL: 如果列的值不为NULL,运算结果返回 true

  • <=>: 运算符比较值,(不同于=运算符)即使两个空值它返回 true

涉及NULL的条件是特殊的。不能使用= NULL或!= NULL来匹配查找列的NULL值。这样的比较总是失败,因为它是不可能告诉它们是否是true。 甚至 NULL = NULL 也是失败的。

要查找列的值是或不是NULL,使用IS NULL或IS NOT NULL。

在命令提示符,使用NULL值

假设在 test 数据库中的表 tcount_tbl 它包含两个列 tutorial_author 和 tutorial_count, 其中 tutorial_count 的值为NULL表明其值未知:

示例

试试下面的例子:

root@host# mysql -u root -p password;
Enter password:
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> create table tcount_tbl
    -> (
    -> tutorial_author varchar(40) NOT NULL,
    -> tutorial_count  INT
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl
    -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ('mahran', 20);
mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl
    -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ('mahnaz', NULL);
mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl
    -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ('Jen', NULL);
mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl
    -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ('Gill', 20);

mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl;
+-----------------+----------------+
| tutorial_author | tutorial_count |
+-----------------+----------------+
| mahran          |             20 |
| mahnaz          |           NULL |
| Jen             |           NULL |
| Gill            |             20 |
+-----------------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

可以看到,= 及 != 不能与 NULL值不能正常工作(匹配)如下:

mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count = NULL;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count != NULL;
Empty set (0.01 sec)

要查找记录中,其中 tutorial_count 列的值是或不是NULL,查询应该这样写:

mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl 
    -> WHERE tutorial_count IS NULL;
+-----------------+----------------+
| tutorial_author | tutorial_count |
+-----------------+----------------+
| mahnaz          |           NULL |
| Jen             |           NULL |
+-----------------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl 
    -> WHERE tutorial_count IS NOT NULL;
+-----------------+----------------+
| tutorial_author | tutorial_count |
+-----------------+----------------+
| mahran          |             20 |
| Gill            |             20 |
+-----------------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

在PHP脚本中处理NULL值

可以使用 if...else 条件来基于NULL值的查询。

示例

下面的示例,从外面使用 tutorial_count,然后在表中可用的值进行比较。

<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost:3036';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = '';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
  die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
if( isset($tutorial_count ))
{
   $sql = 'SELECT tutorial_author, tutorial_count
           FROM  tcount_tbl
           WHERE tutorial_count = $tutorial_count';
}
else
{
   $sql = 'SELECT tutorial_author, tutorial_count
           FROM  tcount_tbl
           WHERE tutorial_count IS $tutorial_count';
}

mysql_select_db('test');
$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );
if(! $retval )
{
  die('Could not get data: ' . mysql_error());
}
while($row = mysql_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_ASSOC))
{
    echo "Author:{$row['tutorial_author']}  <br> ".
         "Count: {$row['tutorial_count']} <br> ".
         "--------------------------------<br>";
} 
echo "Fetched data successfully\n";
mysql_close($conn);
?>