字典可以被看作是一个无序的键 : 值对。 一对大括号用于创建一个空的字典: {}. 每个元素可以映射到一个特定的值。整数或字符串可以用来作索引。字典没有顺序。让我们用一个例子作一个简单的解释：
#!/usr/bin/python
words = {}
words["Hello"] = "Bonjour"
words["Yes"] = "Oui"
words["No"] = "Non"
words["Bye"] = "Au Revoir"
print words["Hello"]
print words["No"]
输出:
Bonjour Non
我们并不局限于在值部分来用单词的定义。一个演示：
#!/usr/bin/python
dict = {}
dict['Ford'] = "Car"
dict['Python'] = "The Python Programming Language"
dict[2] = "This sentence is stored here."
print dict['Ford']
print dict['Python']
print dict[2]
输出:
Car The Python Programming Language This sentence is stored here.
操作字典
我们可以在字典声明之后操作存储在其中的数据。这显示在下面的例子：
#!/usr/bin/python
words = {}
words["Hello"] = "Bonjour"
words["Yes"] = "Oui"
words["No"] = "Non"
words["Bye"] = "Au Revoir"
print words # print key-pairs.
del words["Yes"] # delete a key-pair.
print words # print key-pairs.
words["Yes"] = "Oui!" # add new key-pair.
print words # print key-pairs.
输出：
{'Yes': 'Oui', 'Bye': 'Au Revoir', 'Hello': 'Bonjour', 'No': 'Non'}
{'Bye': 'Au Revoir', 'Hello': 'Bonjour', 'No': 'Non'}
{'Yes': 'Oui!', 'Bye': 'Au Revoir', 'Hello': 'Bonjour', 'No': 'Non'}