SQL表达式
表达式是一个或多个值,运算符和SQL函数计算结果的值的组合。
SQL表达式与公式相似,他们编写查询语言。您也可以使用它们来查询数据库中的特定的数据集。
语法
考虑SELECT语句的基本语法如下:
SELECT column1, column2, columnN FROM table_name WHERE [CONDITION|EXPRESSION];
有不同类型的SQL表达式,其中可提到如下面:
SQL - 布尔表达式:
SQL布尔表达式提取匹配单个值为基础的数据。下面是语法:
SELECT column1, column2, columnN FROM table_name WHERE SINGLE VALUE MATCHTING EXPRESSION;
考虑CUSTOMERS表具有以下记录:
SQL> SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS; +----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+ | ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY | +----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+ | 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 | | 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 | | 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 | | 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 | | 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 | | 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 | | 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 | +----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
下面是简单的例子,显示SQL布尔表达式的用法:
SQL> SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE SALARY = 10000; +----+-------+-----+---------+----------+ | ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY | +----+-------+-----+---------+----------+ | 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 | +----+-------+-----+---------+----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
SQL - 数字表达式:
这个表达式用来在任何查询执行任何数学运算。下面是语法:
SELECT numerical_expression as OPERATION_NAME [FROM table_name WHERE CONDITION] ;
这里数值表达式被用于数学表达式或任何公式。 下面是一个简单的例子,显示SQL数字表达式的用法:
SQL> SELECT (15 + 6) AS ADDITION +----------+ | ADDITION | +----------+ | 21 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
还有像一些内置函数avg(), sum(), count()等,执行了被称为数据计算对表或特定的表列集合体。
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) AS "RECORDS" FROM CUSTOMERS; +---------+ | RECORDS | +---------+ | 7 | +---------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
SQL - 日期表达式:
日期表达式返回当前系统日期和时间值:
SQL> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP; +---------------------+ | Current_Timestamp | +---------------------+ | 2009-11-12 06:40:23 | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
另一个日期表达式如下:
SQL> SELECT GETDATE();; +-------------------------+ | GETDATE | +-------------------------+ | 2009-10-22 12:07:18.140 | +-------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)