SQL LEFT JOIN(左连接)
SQL LEFT JOIN返回所有行左表,即使存在左表中没有匹配。这意味着,如果在ON子句在右边的表匹配0(零)个记录,则连接将仍然在结果返回一行,但用NULL显示在右表中的每一列中。
这意味着,一个左连接从左表中返回所有值,再加上如果右表没有匹配就使用NULL值代替返回。
语法
LEFT JOIN的基本语法如下:
SELECT table1.column1, table2.column2... FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.common_field = table2.common_field;
在这里,给定的条件可能是根据您的需要任意给定表达式。
例子:
考虑下面的两个表中,(a)CUSTOMERS表如下:
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+ | ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY | +----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+ | 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 | | 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 | | 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 | | 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 | | 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 | | 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 | | 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 | +----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
(b)另一个ORDERS 表如下:
+-----+---------------------+-------------+--------+ | OID | DATE | CUSTOMER_ID | AMOUNT | +-----+---------------------+-------------+--------+ | 102 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 | 3 | 3000 | | 100 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 | 3 | 1500 | | 101 | 2009-11-20 00:00:00 | 2 | 1560 | | 103 | 2008-05-20 00:00:00 | 4 | 2060 | +-----+---------------------+-------------+--------+
现在,让我们使用LEFT JOIN在这两个表如下:
SQL> SELECT ID, NAME, AMOUNT, DATE FROM CUSTOMERS LEFT JOIN ORDERS ON CUSTOMERS.ID = ORDERS.CUSTOMER_ID;
这将产生以下结果:
+----+----------+--------+---------------------+ | ID | NAME | AMOUNT | DATE | +----+----------+--------+---------------------+ | 1 | Ramesh | NULL | NULL | | 2 | Khilan | 1560 | 2009-11-20 00:00:00 | | 3 | kaushik | 3000 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 | | 3 | kaushik | 1500 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 | | 4 | Chaitali | 2060 | 2008-05-20 00:00:00 | | 5 | Hardik | NULL | NULL | | 6 | Komal | NULL | NULL | | 7 | Muffy | NULL | NULL | +----+----------+--------+---------------------+